What does David Miller mean by nationality What kind of nationality Essay

What does David Miller mean by nationality What sort of nationality does he backing, and how far should we acknowledge his perspectives - Essay Example In this paper, I plan to examine the ramifications of the idea of nationality as embraced by David Miller, and how it influences the advanced financial and social condition of a nation. I will utilize proof just as hypotheses and assessments of different researchers to set up that David Miller’s idea of nationality can't be adequate completely in the cutting edge times. As per Miller, the possibility of nationality involves an express that has guarantee to political assurance and which is likewise moral in nature1. The idea of a moral country depends on Miller’s assumption that equity is a pluralistic idea and it ought to be comprehended and drilled with regards to the circumstance. For a moral country, it is accepted that social solidarity is the fundamental equity rule, as this copies the equity arrangement of network level living, just on an a lot bigger scale2. A people group is entrusted with guaranteeing that all members’ needs are met and that there is reasonableness in conveyance of assets as indicated by each individual’s need. Also, a moral country is the one that has a social government assistance framework planned for giving offices and assets to individuals who need it and can't bear the cost of it in any case attributable to monetary disparities. Likewise, Miller additionally fights that there is a requirement for governmental policy regarding minorities in society and dynamic salary redistribution to cut down the social and pay variations. As per him, nationality would imply that individuals ought to have a more prominent compassion and readiness to help their co-nationals than they are concerning the general humanity3. The idea of Miller’s nationality is a hopeful one as he appears to have over-streamlined both the hypothetical underpinnings just as the handy ramifications of his hypothesis. He utilizes the idea of nationality to mean help for a government assistance state on the reason that a government assistance state is the adept answer for guaranteeing equity. As per him, this equity is pluralistic and changed and relies upon what is the setting of the circumstance. His determination that a government assistance state is a definitive indication of equity isn't bolstered by any experimental or authentic data. He doesn't intricate why some other way to deal with equity isn't reaso nable for a country, or how the government assistance state dispenses equity to the various and assorted segments of the society4. The way that pluralistic equity is given significance by Miller himself further snares him into enumerating why he proposes just a government assistance state as a moral state, and why nationality ought to require a help for such a state alone. Next, the idea of nationality as imagined by Miller is additionally in opposition to the elements of a free market and opportunity of chance †standards that are joined in law based states in the free world. For instance, the idea of government assistance state depends on the reason that the rich and the wealthy individuals need to make up for the poor who don't have the methods or opportunities5. So as to keep up a government assistance express, a differential duty framework is utilized which can be likened to punishing the achievers and the rich individuals for their development and progress. This inalienabl y has all the earmarks of being experiencing some miscommunication to the free market ideas and the individual opportunity to procure and self-assurance. Additionally, it is likewise far from being obviously true that how much the idea of nationality ought to be utilized to help the government assistance state. It is proposed by Miller that patriotism and citizenship ought to bring the onus of government assistance and backing to

Managing a global and diverse workforce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dealing with a worldwide and differing workforce - Essay Example Associations have understood the noteworthiness of decent variety the executives as the center has moved from gaining income to upgrading representative fulfillment. Basically, globalization is one of the key supporters of the foundation of working environment assorted varieties making it fundamental for a human asset director to fabricate a socially lenient condition. The center act of joining this administration idea is guaranteeing that administrators use all the instruments and assets available to them all together for the procedure to be effective. With this, this paper will dig into the consistence based model of upholding working environment decent variety practice utilized in the USA according to recruiting and allotting representatives. History of the consistence based model in the US Initially, the idea of applying working environment decent variety started through the presentation of governmental policy regarding minorities in society as an arrangement of the law in which human asset experts needed to give equivalent chances to work searchers (Kandola and Fullerton 2003, p. 4). According to the law, bosses can't utilize racial, ethnic connection, or sexual orientation as the premise to offering work or as an apparatus for rounding out the decent variety holes that may exist inside an association. The procedure started as an intentional angle wherein those that ideal to apply it could, yet it later developed to be a required practice on account of the expansion in instances of unsatisfactory treatment by businesses. Fundamentally, for those that couldn't consent to the created legitimate structures that planned for implementing balance at the work environment got subject ready to lawful punishments. By the mid twentieth century, the mission to accomplish work environment assorted variety had started in Europe and USA where those that looked for business openings in these areas couldn't encounter separation (Ozbilgin 2004). The Civil Rights enactment o f 1964 and the Directive 2000/78/EC are a portion of the laws created so as to shield work searchers from segregation. Both of these laws protect the representatives against biased treatment at the work place as a result of their religion, sex, sexual inclination, individual experience and their ethnic foundation. Prejudice as a work environment issue For some years, bigotry has been a transcendent work environment issue that has pulled in common claims since human asset experts have neglected to destroy out of their associations. Kumra and Manfredi (2012, p. 101) recommend that the noteworthy portion of the populace that has kept on encountering working environment segregation is the African American populace. They contend that blacks experience ‘everyday racism’ at their work environments when contrasted with some other settler populace thus making a few organizations to advocate for institutional prejudice. England is one of the super economies that have negligible r espect for individuals from the dark and the ethnic minority bunches corresponding to places of intensity, instruction, and business. Further, the level of the jobless from the BME bunches remains at 8.5% on the grounds that the rate chiefs from this network will in general be negligible. The ramifications of this is the high rate enlisted in the jobless populace is a direct result of having less directors at the administration levels that can guarantee that there is decent variety and correspondence in their work environments (Gold 2009, p. 56). Nonetheless, this test takes from the way that a critical

Perception in Branding

Perception in Branding Perception in Branding Home›Marketing Posts›Perception in Branding Marketing PostsA mammoth challenge faces modern markets in the contemporary business world in the quest to convince the consumer market to buy their products. This has led to a booming advertising industry. Numerous strategies have been deployed by this industry to win the consumers in accepting a particular product. Efforts have been made by companies to keep at par with the latest advertising dynamics. The challenge becomes bigger if the brand been advertised has multi-cultural market consumption. This is because branding involves the choice of colors, sounds and scents that are not universal to all the cultures. The sole goal of every marketer is to achieve loyalty of consumers for its product or brand. This involves developing an emotional attachment to the brand by appealing to the five senses of the human beings. This process, however, derailed by several factors as discussed in this paper. Possible remedie s to such factors will also be highlighted later in the paper.The process of creating consumer loyalty to a particular product or brand is a complex process. It entails coming up with a brand that is adaptable, transferable and protectable. In order to achieve this, marketers make use of elements that will live long-lasting effects to the consumer to make them link to the products easily. Key among the factors that marketers consider in designing a product is color. This is because it has different sociological connotations across cultures and if used inconsiderately may result to low sales. The other factor is numbers. There are marketers who like to sell their products in specific groups like in pairs or fours. Just like colors, numerology is very important in marketing because different numbers have different associations in different cultures. This calls for informed decisions in designing advertisements for brands. This will in turn affect how the consumers perceive such produc ts and consequently their decisions to buy them or not (Hellriegel, 2007).Perception is the procedure in which people choose, put in order, deduce and react to information from the world around them. The information is gathered from the five senses of smell, sight, touch, taste and hearing. The perceptual process consists of six elements- objects in the person’s environment, observation, perceptual selection perceptual organization, interpretation and response. The perceptual process is, however, not altogether unmarred. It may lead to gross errors or distortions that may affect a consumption of a particular product (Scribid.com, 2011).The most common types of perceptual distortion are stereotyping, projection, the halo effect, self-fulfilling prophecy and cross-cultural misperceptions. Stereotyping is a tendency to attribute characteristics to an individual based on the assessment of the group the individual belongs. In branding, it involves having a generalized perception about the brand being marketed or the consumers by either the buyer or the marketer. Stereotyping in the side of the marketer can be advantageous as well as disadvantageous (Ehret, 2008). If a second hand car dealer despises his work because the public assigns that notion to his job, this will lead to demoralization and fall in sales. On the other hand, a dealer of Lexus or Mercedes cars enjoys a ‘superior- quality’ stereotype from both the marker and the consumer and hence enhancing the sales. Stereotyping results to problems as the generalizations do not apply equally to all members of the group.The halo effect is a tendency to use a general impression based on one or a few characteristics of an individual or product to judge other characteristics of that individual or product. This distortion is very common in marketing. For instance, a marketer may realize that a particular brand sold highly in a certain region or with a particular group. In an effort to expand the business, the p roducers of that company may market the brand in other regions expecting similar returns because they had succeeded earlier. This may lead to drastic fall inn sales if the consumers are comfortable with the product (Kardes et al., 2010).Another perception inaccuracy is projection. This is an assumption that others share one’s thoughts, feelings and characteristics. This leads to a one-way communication. In the branding arena, this may be experienced if branders assume what is best for them suits the consumers. They end up projecting their preferences at the expense of those of the customers. If a customer’s taste is not prioritized, this has direct impact on the sales, as they will opt to other brands where they can get their desires honored.The last perceptual distortion to be discussed in this paper is the self-fulfilling prophecy or the Pygmalion effect. This is the tendency to create or find in another situation or individual that which one expected to find. The Pygmalion ef fect may be caused by the distortions discussed above. Sometimes, consumers expect certain behaviors from other consumers. This may be regardless of whether these behaviors are actually occurring or not. This may affect their decisions to purchase a particular brand.Having discussed the different perceptual distortions, it is evidently clear that these errors lead to misundersting a brand, which may affect its popularity in the consumer market. There are a number of remedies that may be used to curb this menace. To begin with, a marketer needs to gather information about the customers’ behaviors and attitudes before making decisions that are personal and which may not resonator with those of the customers. After gathering the information, the brander or marketer should draw informed conclusions from the observations in order to ensure they are valid (Scribid.com, 2011). This will aid in determining facts and assumptions to base the perceptions. It is also crucial to differentiate the various aspects of the individual consumers’ behavior instead of grouping the individuals on superficial grounds. Lastly, it would be paramount to identify one’s genuine feelings and ensure they do not project them to others especially with the branders.

Dead Zones - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 881 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Environment Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? TO: Company Executive FROM: Victor Grigorov, The Environmentalist DATE: Sep 11th, 2010 SUBJECT: DEAD ZONES AROUND THE WORLD Dead zones have naturally been occurring on this planet for a very long time. Nevertheless, they have never been occurring so quickly, and at such unprecedented scales. So what are they? They occur in bodies of water where amounts of oxygen are exceptionally small or non-existent. Those places can usually be found near the coastlines of well-developed countries, or stale lakes and slow moving rivers. Their sizes may vary dramatically. From a few square miles, to bodies of water greater than 45,000 square miles (MSNBC, 2004). They have been reported to affect more than 400 water systems, and have a total size of more than 152,000 square miles (Diaz Rosenberg). Areas that have been greatly affected are mostly on the East Coast of the United States, and in Western Europe (Mee, 2006). Countries like the US, England, Germany, France, Spain, Japan, and Pol and seem to have the most affected coastlines. How exactly they occur can differ from place to place, but most of them lead back to one specific source, us, humans. Although they can occur naturally on the planet, most of them are anthropogenic. Most scientist today agree that they have been formed through a process called eutrophication, â€Å"the over enrichment of the sea by nutrients (principally compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus) that promote plant growth† (Mee, 2006). These nutrients run off and are absorbed by bodies of water, thus causing an exponential expansion of algae. This in turn causes the water to turn green and/or brown, and when this occurs, sunlight cannot reach the bottom of that body of water. Plants that produce the oxygen and help feed the marine life, simply die off, due to the lack of sunlight to produce oxygen. And when that happens, crabs, fish, and oysters are wiped off, thus creating what we now call a â€Å"dead zone†. The se dead zones have been created time over time in places where humans are thriving and expanding at a very fast rate. Most of these dead zones have indeed occurred near the coastlines of populated cities. The need to sustain the human population has pushed the boundaries of agriculture, and forced growing of crops to be fueled with an abnormally large amount of nutrients. The ones that aren’t used in the process, are absorber by small rivers and land, and are dumped right off the coastlines, helping to create and fuel the dead zones. This can be seen happening in the Gulf of Mexico, â€Å"where the Mississippi River dumps fertilizer runoff from the Midwest† (MSNBC, 2004). In recent years the dead zone in the Gulf has become as large as the size of Massachusetts (Venkataranam, 2009). In the wild, larger animals and fish that rely on smaller fish for food in that region, no longer have that supply, and are forced to relocate or die off. This not only hurts the surr ounding wildlife and environment, but also the small cities and communities that depend on those animals for food and income. Fishing becomes next to impossible in those conditions, and leaves many workers unemployed. This was seen in countries all around the Black Sea where fishing became an arduous task during the 1960s-1980s (Mee, 2006). Small towns in Bulgaria and Romania that fueled their economy from fishing collapsed, and were forced to move inland in order to survive. Flows of nitrogen and phosphorus from the land were channeled into the Black Sea through the Danube River, causing eutrophication to occur. Once that had happened, much of the sea turned brown near the coast lines for the next 20 year, and was considered one of the biggest dead zones. Only after the Soviet Union collapsed and mass scale farming decreased in 1989, did the dead zone start to get smaller (Mee, 2006). Knowing how to prevent such disasters from happening abroad as well as in our Chesapeake Bay, i s the key to minimizing the formation of such dead zones around the world. Governments must not only realize that there are major problems off the coasts of their countries, but also believe that it is an important goal and to take action. Agricultural practices will need to be changed if we want to see some results in the next couple decades in places like the Gulf of Mexico. One way to do that is to decrease the amount of nutrient runoff that goes into the water by treating the land along the coastline with fewer fertilizers. This will only allow for just enough nitrogen and phosphorus to be absorbed by the soil. Also, along with the Ocean Dumping Act which limits the discarding of certain materials into the ocean, better wastewater management must be done in order to prevent that xtra nitrogen enriched water to enter the oceans (Venkataranam, 2009). Finally, one of the most cost effective solutions to the problem would be to plant large amounts of forests and grasslands around those effected coastlines. This would allow those excess levels of nutrients to be absorbed far before they reach the oceans and seas. Preserving our marine life is an important part of our role, and dead zones are there to remind us that humanity cannot simply expect natural ecosystems to absorb our wastes without severe and often unexpected consequences. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dead Zones" essay for you Create order

Essay Perscription Drug Abuse among Teenagers - 1064 Words

Prescription Drug Abuse among Teenagers ( 12-17 Years) Prescription Drugs are medications that are prescribed to patients by a doctor to help in many ways, such as relieve pain, treat symptoms of a disease, or to help fight an infection. They are very safe when used properly and under supervision of a physician, yet if used without approval of a doctor they can be very harmful and in some cases could lead to death. During your adolescence years, teens have curiosity which builds up and leads them to experimentation. They pop a pill, get high and then want more. Not only do they ease your state of mind, Increasing numbers of teens have easy access to painkillers through classmates, friends, family members, and even online.†¦show more content†¦These drugs can â€Å"produce drowsiness; cause constipation; depress breathing...† (National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign 1) If you use them for a long time, it can lead to physical dependence and addiction. Your body becomes used to your normal dosage, therefore you mus t consume higher dosages to feel the full effect which can 3 sometimes lead teens to an overdose. If the doses are reduced or stopped withdrawal symptoms occur such as vomiting, involuntary leg movement, and muscle and bone pain. You should never A few examples include Morphine, Codeine, Hydrocodone, and Oxycodone.(XXXX risk of abusing prescription drugs) CNS depressants calm the nerves of people who have anxiety disorders and/or insomnia problems. They are known to slow the brains activity down increasing drowsiness. (National Drug Intelliagance Center 3) Valium and Xanax are examples within this group used by teenagers. Withdrawal symptoms include seizures, irregular heartbeat, body temperature increases, cardiovascular failure, create feelings of hatred, and can be harmful when combined with anti-depressants or cough/cold medicines. (risks of abusing pres. Drugs) Last, we have Stimulants. They enhance the brain activity which increases your attention span and energy. Ritalin, Concerta, and Adderall are common examples used by teenagers. (Na tional DrugShow MoreRelatedPainkillers: a Growing Epidemic2089 Words   |  9 Pagesweeks ago. My grandmother would never abuse drugs, so why was the bottle empty already? I asked her about the medication and she told me that she was taking up to eight pills a day. She had misinterpreted the instructions and was taking twice the maximum allowed per day and had become dependent on the drugs unknowingly. The abuse of painkillers is becoming an all too familiar problem throughout the country, and the results are tearing people apart. The abuse does not discriminate. People fromRead MoreThe Abuse of Psycho-Stimulants on College Campuses Essay2337 Words   |  10 Pagesoccasion is a late night study session, the drug of choice: Adderall. This fictitious story is an unfortunate reality, deeply wired into the circuits of higher education. College campuses house an outbreak of prescription drug abuse. A sturdy foundation of overly prescribed stimulants crossed with the high educational demand classes represent, pose as a major issues for universities. Not only have studies been performed proving the abuse of psycho-stimulant drugs dangerous to student’s health, but also

Behaviour Modification Approaches In Us Public Schools Free Essays

The growing need for effective procedures in disciplining and correcting undisciplined students in the US public schools has become nascent nowadays. Behaviour modification is essential in modelling young people who’ll become responsible members of the society. Effectiveness of behaviour modification procedures is seen to reduce deviance and problematic characters in a child. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviour Modification Approaches In Us Public Schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now The effectiveness of social skills and social inoculation procedures which have blown out sub-procedures are behaviour modification methodologies whose perspective is to use culture and organizations within the social context to enforce proper moral projections in public schools. Procedures to modify behaviour have transformed from aggressive methodologies like caning, but legislation and physiological research has downplayed the effectiveness and pointed out health implications emanating from these methodologies. Expulsions, suspensions and parental advice and parent-teacher collaboration to enforce, advice and correct indiscipline in students is an approach which is so far a commonplace practice. The need to understand these procedures, the profundity of their impacts and success in correcting and modifying behaviour in students in the US public schools is paramount and integral in the public school systems. US public schools are having problems implementing various behaviour modification procedures due to various legislation laws. There is also the growing need to identify modalities to tackle the increasing implicit character and behaviours which are negatively affecting other students in these schools. Drug abuse, alcoholism, early sex, smoking, unconventional language and outward ness towards teachers, community and other students are problematic characters seen in the students and need to be modified. This paper explores the various strategies and methodologies employed to modify these problematic behaviours and disciplining students in the US public schools. Introduction Social skills and social inoculation procedures have been intensively reviewed as collective and effective behavior modification procedures in public schools. These school-based strategies developed first in smoking prevention and later applied to other substances have been practically admissible due to their approach to teacher-parent and society collaboration to impart and correct irresponsible behavior in students. However, cognitive control methodologies have led to more terse approaches to disciplining and modifying behaviour in students. Suspensions and expulsions have successfully instilled discipline and positive virtues in students. A zero tolerance on indiscipline approach has now become the lead methodology applied in US public schools. Zero tolerance approach as been in force as a proactive approach to a perceived rise in gangs, drugs, and violence in United States public schools and community. Typically, zero tolerance policies mandate predetermined consequences or punishments for specified offense. These policies have been subject to debate as to whether they are effective and whether they have unintended consequences that negatively affect students. This approach has become the principle methodology in US public schools. This behavior modification approach is most often characterized by disciplinary action that punishes all students severely regardless of mitigating factors such as severity of infraction, age, or intent.. However, parents and some legislators often criticize the methodology citing consequential health implications. The need for espousing these procedures is important, especially in this wake of a huge populace in the United States. The multi cultural aspect of the community in which the populace is composed of various communities . i. e. Caucasian, blacks and Whites is troublesome due to dissenting interests and attitudes towards education and moral facade of each student from each community. According to statistics, escalation of moral decadency and the overt-ness of sexuality in young people is more of an intricate social quagmire and an intrinsic social problem with wide spread implications on the long term and adverse socio-economic-health implications on family and the public domain. This has been manifested in public schools wherein the behaviours and indiscipline are seen. On substance abuse and violence, teachers in school need to identify the time and place where their students engage in alcoholism. This will help in identifying proper means of creating recreational or rehabilitative timetables for these students. Drug abuse and alcoholic sprees usually happen between 3pm and 7pm (www. samhsa. gov) outside the school compound or homestead, or in the most neglected and limitedly visited areas of these two environments. The most common alcoholic substances abused are beer and spirits (www. samhsa. gov). These escalations In moral problems in students and indulgence in sexual behaviors, violence, disrespectful, bullish, and various problematic characters is increasingly affecting the level of education in American public schools. Research indicate so many youths are now unable to finish schooling due to indulgence in bad morals and problematic activities and subsequently being expelled from school while others drop out in pursuit of these vices. The need to correct and modify these behaviours and arrest any escalation of these problems n the public schools is becoming integral in the education system. Methodologies and approaches are being employed and comprehensively used to counter the situations and model students into responsible young people who are admissible in the modern American society. Besides, identifying problems in students and using the proper counselling and behaviour modification strategy is vital. Problems faced by US public school system regarding students with bad behaviour The problems faced by the public schools onset with dropping out school by students due to their indulgence and subsequent immersion in problematic lives like being parents or even going to jail. Secondly, students nowadays have developed various behaviours which are deemed dangerous. There is also a growing trend of students practicing and exhibiting immoral projections which do not reflect respect of upright morals and behaviours and are deemed disrespectful. According to research conducted in Baltimore, the following are the problems faced in US public schools (Brecht Donoghue , 2004) †¢ Possession, use or distribution of tobacco on school property †¢ Disruptive behavior †¢ Verbal harassment †¢ Possession of drugs or alcohol †¢ Possession of weapons or firearms †¢ Arson †¢ Vandalizing, damaging, defacing, or destroying school property †¢ Violent behaviors/assaults, vicious fighting †¢ Extortion, coercion, blackmail, and robbery †¢ Trespassing †¢ Damaging property †¢ Insubordination †¢ Dress code violations †¢ Cheating/copying the work of another †¢ Fighting †¢ Possession of electronic devices (e. g. , beepers, cell phones) †¢ Sexual harassment †¢ Sexual misconduct †¢ Verbal abuse, ethnic slurs, vulgar statements or gestures, including the distribution of obscene material †¢ Misbehavior on bus or school transportation †¢ Disorderly conduct †¢ Gambling †¢ Assault on school staff Behavior intervention approaches Frank M. Gresham (2004), argues that Behavioral interventions is conceptualized using four broad theoretical categories: (a) applied behavior analysis, (b) social learning theory, (c) cognitive behavior therapy, and (d) neobehavioristic S-R theory (Powers Franks, 1988). Applied behavior analysis (ABA) descends directly from Skinner’s (1953) operant conditioning work and is based on the three-term contingency that describes the functional relationship between antecedents, behaviors, and consequences (Gresham, 2004). Social cognitive theory utilizes the concept of vicarious learning and the role of cognitive mediation processes in determining which environmental events are attended to, retained, and subsequently performed when an individual is exposed to modeling stimuli (Gresham, 2004 pp 327). Social learning theory is based on the notion of reciprocal determinism that describes the role an individual’s behavior has on changing the environment and vice versa (Bandura, 1986). Much of the work in social skills interventions utilizes modeling as an essential treatment strategy (Elliott Gresham, 1991; Gresham, 2002). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) assumes that an individual’s behavior in response to environmental events is mediated by their cognitions or thoughts (327). The goal of CBT is to change maladaptive cognitions that, in turn, lead to changes in behavior. Techniques such as self-instruction, self evaluation, correction of maladaptive self talk, and problem solving are used in CBT to change behavior (Kendall, 1985). CBT interventions are commonly used in the clinical treatment of anxiety and mood (depression, dysthymia) problems (Kazdin, 1990; Laurent Potter, 1998). Neo-behavioristic S-R models are based on features of classical (respondent) conditioning and avoidance learning in which maladaptive responses are conditioned to stimuli in the environment (Gresham pp 327). Procedures such as systematic desensitization and exposure based treatments (e. g. , flooding, implosion) for treating anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders are based on these S-R models of learning. These concepts have been dissected into simplistic approaches by school experts and education stakeholders. They have been incorporated in the public school behavior correction faculties as methodologies whose effectiveness varies with the level of behavior intricacy and extent of effect on the respect and view by the teachers Behaviour modification methodologies used to correct this indiscipline Various modern approaches to these problems are in place. Teacher intervention techniques as well as school rules modification approaches are also in force. These approaches differ with effectiveness and time frame of implementation. Expulsions, suspensions, caning are commonplace. They compose the zero tolerance methodology which is the common practice used in public schools. Drugs, alcoholism, language and violence are approached as cases which need to be addressed cognitively. Teacher intervention methods revolve around counselling and participating in initiating good behaviour and positive perceptions in the students who have these problematic behaviours. School teacher intervention The creation of a positive social interaction environment in a friendly and unrestrictive atmosphere offers the proper environment for the teacher to address the problem. This kind of environment greatly increases recovery. It’s aimed at improving collective social behavior so as to inspire and correct the students. The school counselor should counsel the students, encourage them to share their problems, initiate recreational activities like playing chess, bridge, and other in-house games (Ken David 2007). Through a cognitive-control system the teacher manifests self analysis, self recognition, and self help so as to regulate behavior. It involves reading materials wherein the teen reads her problem and follows a set of procedures like, playing with her pet, watching an inspiring video, etc. The procedure is used in the environment created by the school teacher (above). The objective of the method is to create competing system within the brain and make adolescents lessen brain capacity to want physical engagement with substances. A school counselor should address the teen alcohol problem through an educative perspective; He gives complete clinical views on use and abuse of substances and comprehensively emphasizes the importance of the context (David Masci,, 2000). This perspective scope is on teenage cases who are supposed to actively attend and play roles in the education and during the classes. The concept is to keep these teens safe from alcohol and to stop substance abuse. The school counselor should give social and drug life education to enable teenagers to make responsible decisions by providing honest information. Secondly, the student should emphatically give a complete clinical and legal overview of implications of both on substance abusers to discourage the teens from excessive or partial indulgence. The counselor is also supposed to advise the students to understand their place in the society and their future as citizens in the educative approach (Flannery, 2007). After-school programs Students tend to have various social networks where they interact. The school counselor should integrate these networks as extracurricular activities by allocating time to be with the students. According to research, drug abuse takes place mostly after school and evening hours as stated above (Bachman, Johnston O’Malley 1990). A school counselor is involved in participating, and listening to what students express and how they relate with their peers. In a group setting, he encourages the students to speak freely, express their views, thoughts, ideas, and perspectives. He intervenes only while asking them why they feel or think a certain way, then offer his support. Students can have a friend or family member participate in order to improve the advice being offered. The setting is a homely, conducive, and well equipped with internet and all communication tools to help these students research their problem with guidance from the school counselor. This is a very effective method and creates a backbone for the gradual and even instant ceasing of alcohol habits. According to (Rosenbaum, 2003), the after school programs form the basis of a communal approach to the problem. The students are able to understand their problem through guidance. If a student’s drug use becomes a problem, the after-school drop-in program enables her to make informal contact with a professional, even if she is not ready for formal treatment. If problems escalate, a referral to the appropriate agency can be made (Rosenbaum 2003). Peer mediation Education experts also suggest providing opportunities for students to become more engaged in school activities. Adopting strategies that include students in the discipline process, including peer mediation and mentoring, may assist violence prevention efforts. In peer mediation, students are encouraged to sit down with a trained student mediator (often accompanied by an adult) and resolve their differences through dialogue. In many cases problems that would otherwise escalate can be resolved through mediation. However, if the problem is not solved, students may be required to meet with an adult or older student mentor once a week for further mediation and mentoring until all parties agree that the issue is resolved. Approaching the student’s problem to foster an understanding that the student is capable of excelling in all aspects of life if he/she desists from substance abuse is helpful. The school counselor should as often as possible make groups which consist of most disciplined students to act as the role models. These role model groups actively integrate with other groups and incorporate the students who have drug problems. This makes these students sociable and gradually makes them feel acceptable in these groups and most important, desists from substance abuse due to the moral aspect of the group personality status. Zero tolerance methodology These policies mandate predetermined consequences or punishments for specified offenses, especially those deemed very criminal in terms of the age and environment they are committed. Sex, drugs, violence, assault on a student, teacher, damaging school property and related cases are approached through the zero tolerance approach. The methodology is related to substantial drop in school crimes and is common practice (Ronnie Casella, 2000). Zero tolerance is a policy that mandates predetermined consequences or punishments for specified offenses. It is intended to deter student misconduct by weeding out potential troublemakers and setting an example to others who might choose to misbehave, zero tolerance policies are most often characterized by a variety of high-tech detection methods (such as metal detectors and video surveillance) and strict discipline policies that punish all offenses equally severely without consideration of mitigating factors, such as the severity of the infraction or the intent or age of the individual (Russell Skiba, 2000. In most cases, these policies mandate that perpetrators be subject to school exclusion disciplinary actions ranging from suspensions and expulsions to arrest by in-school police (Brecht Donoghue , 2004). Great results have been seen through this methodology, however, its harsh aspects and the suspension of the student affects the educational background of a student (V. K. Costenbacher and S. Markson, 1994). Proponents of zero tolerance argue that these policies are needed to remove disruptive elements from the classroom and keep schools free of violence. Zero tolerance is implemented in cases where the student exhibits behaviors which are deemed too harsh to be contained in the school (C. Bowditch, 1993) . School student communities approach Public school administrations espouse building a sense of community within the school has been effective at preventing violence (Russell Skiba, 2000), because students are held accountable by their peers for harm they cause. Public school administrations adopted a community model in which students rectify their mistakes whenever possible. In schools these communities institute pee juries or teen courts in which students accused of misbehavior must appear before a jury composed of fellow students. The accused student must explain his or her misbehavior to the jury, and then the jury is responsible for communicating to the student how the behavior violated the rules of the school community and develop an appropriate consequence (Brecht Donoghue , 2004). The student’s sentence is not punitive, but rather an attempt to reintegrate the student into the school community. Most often, the student is required to make restitution for his or her action and engage in some type of community service Decision-making and problem-solving This approach emphasizes the development of cognitive and behavioral skills which are flexible and not situation-specific. On a cognitive level, students are taught decision-making and problem-solving techniques which will better prepare them to avoid peer pressure situations without alienating friends. Students are also taught specific self-instruction techniques that are designed to provide them with a framework for guiding themselves through high-risk situations. Finally, students are taught basic interpersonal skills designed to enable them to implement specific decisions or act in a way which is consistent with what they want (Catherine S. Bell and Robert J. Battjes, 1984). Other measures used in US public schools Schools’ use of programmatic prevention efforts, such as conflict resolution and behavior management, help prevent student violence and aggression and eliminate the need for harsh disciplinary action (David Masci, 2000). Conflict resolution has a moderate effect on the level of student aggression in schools, and helps students remember and employ alternatives to violence when solving conflict. More support and training in classroom management of behavioral problems helps teachers deescalate potentially violent situations. Expansion of training for principals and teachers in the development and implementation of behavioral management programs to help them learn strategies useful in deescalating potentially violent interactions. This has helped more of the teachers in the public schools to have more efficiency and capacity in Expansion of violence prevention programs in schools accelerates awareness and proficiency in recognition of faulty behaviors. Introduction of school counselors in public schools is becoming a very effective methodology. As seen in the teacher intervention methodology, through a cognitive-control system the teacher manifests self analysis, self recognition, and self help so as to regulate behavior. This will help address the decline on the learned youths which is adversely affecting the social balance. More Hispanic youths, especially males, is on the declines. The effects on the society are more poor families, crime rate increase and joblessness. The long term effect is a social imbalance with Blacks and Hispanics as well as other immigrants joining the lesser society and the poor Americans. A steady decline on stable families and the many unlearned and jobless children is affecting the national economic stability. Subsequently there will be more children, the poor and the aged in the population that the stable workers (Sandra Yin, 2007). Parents and social involvement in correction of behaviour The role of parents in behavior modification is the most integral in the public school behavior modification approaches. The parents and community members have been involved in contributing as the guardians of proper social behaviors in the community. The counselor involves concepts of capacity building and establishment of more positive youth groups so as to build on youths’ strengths. This is through advising on developing positive mental attitude towards their abilities in education and entrepreneurship. The teacher invites the community to lead in playing a role of advisors while he is the active leader. These community members and the school counselors have the obligation to present appropriate role-models and opportunities for remediation for young people growing up in the school community. The message to young adults and their peers must be that they understand the dangers of substance abuse and make appropriate choices when confronted with opportunities of drug use (David Masci, 2000). In expulsions and suspensions, parents are involved in these decisions which are seen more punitive and applicable as ways to correct bad morals projected by students. Effective parenting onsets good behavior and structures long term proper characters in children. This proper behaviors and morals are carried to schools where these children meet children with different characters and up-bringing. Parenting skills have led to development of approaches to train parents in skills seen as necessary for a harmonious parent-child relationship and for the amelioration of a number of childhood problem (Pinsker Geoffroy, 1981). Parents with skills and knowledge about effective parenting have been able to address and reduce deviant child behaviours. This has also led to harmonisation of family and school perceptions in these children. School administrators have been approaching parents to attend as often ass possible school based behaviour modification approaches to arm the parents with enough knowledge on how to manage their children and the implications of immoral and indiscipline in school. The approach has been to intensify the knowledge of parents and their capacity on how to be proficient in behaviour modification. Parents have increased their capacity in communication when discussing and reprimanding their children who show immoral characters and problematic behaviours. The public schools administrators and stakeholders have emphasised on parents to learn more effective means of dealing with typical parent-child relationship conflicts and develop a healthier parent-child relationship. Behaviour modification approach contains an emphasis on direct behaviour aims at direct behaviour change. Parent’s capacity to modify inappropriate behaviours is emphasised so as to arrest these problematic problems. Parent’s capacity, based on the training attained and knowledge imparted in the school administrators, is aimed at making the communication approach of the parents to aim at focussing upon maladaptive communication patterns between parent and child that are seen as the cause of inappropriate child behaviour (Pinsker Geoffroy, 1981). Impact of bad behaviour on good students The impact of the bad behaviour in the well behaved children in schools negatively impacts on those students who have good moral back grounds. The consequence of these impacts are unsafe learning environments, exposure to smoking, drugs and other problems portrayed by the bad students. The students are intimidated and coerced so as to identify with these students. These impacts result to poor academic performance and profound moral decadency in the schools. Safety and correction to reduce harm and to reconstitute behavior and perception in the teens is important. The school counselor can actively and consistently provide extra attention and consideration to the teens with the problem and follow up their recovery. The impacts of bullying and coercion lead to traumas and children seeking to leave these schools due to intimidations by these problematic students. Sources Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and actions: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Barbra Flannery, (2007) International Research Institute, Baltimore Brecht Donoghue, (2004): Zero Tolerance in Baltimore C. Bowditch(1993), â€Å"Getting Rid of Troublemakers: High School Disciplinary Procedures and the Production of Dropouts,† Social Problems, Vol. 40, (David Masci,, 2000) â€Å"Preventing Teen Drug Use: Is the Get-Tough Approach Effective? † Congressional Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 10 Frank M. Gresham (2004) Current Status and Future Directions of School-Based Behavioral Interventions; School Psychology Review, Volume 33, No. 3, pp. 326-343 Sandra Yin: http://www. prb. org/Articles/2006/TheUnitedStatesat300Million. aspx Hser, Y-I. ; Grille, C. E. ; Hubbard, R. L. ; et al (2002). An evaluation of drug treatment for adolescents in four U. S. cities: Archives of General Psychiatry; Volume 17, pp 1 (J. G. Bachman, L. D. Johnston and P. M. O’Malley 1990), â€Å"Explaining the Recent Decline in Cocaine use Among Young Adults: Further Evidence That Perceived Risks and Disapproval Lead to Reduced Drug use: Journal of Health and Human Social Behavior 31. 2 (1990): 173-184 (Ken David 2007), Social-economic decline due to substance abuse by teens: An intelligence approach to teen physiology through counter brain measures. Goldman Intelligence, Nairobi p1-5 Mark Pinsker, Kevin Geoffroy (1981): A Comparison of Parent Effectiveness Training and Behaviour Modification Parent Training ,Family Relations, Vol. 30, No. pp. 61-68 M. Rosenbaum, â€Å"‘Just Say No’ Wins Few Points with Ravers,† Los Angeles Times, 31 Jan. 2001: A13. M. Rosenbaum (2003) Safety first: A reality based approach to teen’s drugs and drug education. Drug Policy Alliance www. safety1st. org Russell Skiba (2000), Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence, Policy Research Report #SRS2, Indiana Research Center, Ronnie Casella (2000), â€Å"Zero Tolerance Policy in Schools: Rationale, Consequences, and Alternatives,† Teachers College Record, Vol. 105, Texas drug and rehabilitation center U. S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2006 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, accessed online at www. census. gov, on Sept. 15, 2006 US Department of Education: Findings from the school survey on crime and Safety: (2006) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES: Public Health Service †¢ Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration: Prevention Research: Deterring Drug Abuse among Children and Adolescents (2004) V. K. Costenbacher and S. Markson (1994), â€Å"School Suspension: A Survey of Current Policies and Practices,† NAASP Bulletin, No. 78 http://www. drugfree. org www. samhas. gov www. nida. nih. gov How to cite Behaviour Modification Approaches In Us Public Schools, Papers

Void Agreements free essay sample

After today’s class you should be able to answer the following questions; †¢ †¢ †¢ The agreements expressly declared to be void The uncertain agreements The wagering agreements have not been discussed in the preceding chapter. Illegal agreements are also ‘unlawful agreements’ as they are expressly declared void by the Contract Act. It may be recalled that in the case of illegal agreements, transactions collateral to them are also tainted with illegality and hence void. Agreements in Restraint of Marriage Every individual enjoys the freedom to marry and so according to Section 26 of the Contract Act â€Å"every agreement in restraint of the marriage of any person, other than a minor, is void. † The restraint may be general or partial but the agreement is void, and therefore, an agreement agreeing not to marry at all, or a certain person, or a class of persons, or for a fixed period, is void. However, an agreement restraining the marriage of a minor is valid under the Section. It is interesting to note that a promise to marry a particular person does not imply any restraint of marriage, and is, therefore, a valid contract. Illustrations (a) Agrees with B for good consideration that he will not marry C. It is a void agreement. (b) A agrees with B that she will marry him only. It is a valid contract of marriage. 2. Agreements in Restraint of Trade The Constitution of India guarantees the freedom of trade and commerce to every citizen and therefore Section27 declares â€Å"every agreement by which any one is restrained from exercising a lawful profession, trade or business of any kind, is to that extent void,† Thus no person is at liberty to deprive himself of the fruit of his labour, skill or talent, by any contracts that he enters into. It is to be noted that whether restraint is reasonable or not, if it is in the nature of restraint of trade, the agreement is void always, subject to certain exceptions provided for statutorily. Illustration. An agreement whereby one of the parties agrees to close his business in consideration of the promise by the other party to pay a certain sum of money, is void, being an agreement in restraint of trade, and the amount is not recoverable, if the other party fails to pay the promised sum of money ( Madhub Chander vs Raj Kumar) But agreements merely restraining freedom of action necessary for the carrying on of business are not void, for the law does not intend to take away the right of a trader to regulate his business according to his own discretion and choice. Illustration An agreement to sell all produce to a certain party, with a stipulation that the purchaser was bound to accept the whole quantity, was held valid because it aimed to promote business Introduction In today’s lecture we shall study about void agreements and their different classes You all must be aware by now that â€Å"An agreement not enforceable by law is said to be void† [Sec. 2(g)]. Thus a void agreement does not give rise to any legal consequences and is void ab-initio. In the eye of law such an agreement is no agreement at all from its very inception. We have already dealt with the following types of void agreements in the preceding chapters, and will not therefore discuss them here again: The preceding chapters, and will not therefore discuss them here again: 1. 2. 3. 4. Agreements by a minor or a person of unsound mind (Sec. 11). Agreements made under a bilateral mistake of fact material to the agreements(Sec. 20). Agreements of which the consideration or object is unlawful (Sec. 23). Agreements of which the consideration or object is unlawful in part and the illegal part cannot be separated from the legal part (Sec. 24). Agreements made without consideration (Sec. 25). 5. Expressly Declared Void Agreements The last essential of a valid contract as declared by Section 10 is that it must not be one which is ‘expressly declared’ to be void by the Act. Thus, there arises a question, as to what are ‘expressly declared’ void agreements? The following agreements have been ‘expressly declared’, to be void by the Indian Contract Act: 1. Agreements in restraint of marriage (Sec. 26). agreements in restraint of trade (Sec. 27). Agreements in restraint of legal proceedings (Sec. 28). Agreements the meaning of which is uncertain (Sec. 29) Agreements by way of wager (Sec. 30). Agreements contingent on impossible events (Sec. 36). Agreements to do impossible acts (Sec. 56). At the very outset, it may be borne in mind that the law declares these agreements void ab-initio and not illegal, and therefore transactions collateral to such agreements are not made void. In fact it is for this reason that these agreements 11. 555  © Copy Right: Rai University 55 and did not restrain it (Mackenzie vs Striramiah). But where in a similar agreement the purchaser was free to reject the goods (i. e. , was not bound to accept the whole quantity tendered) it was held that the agreement was void as being in restraint of trade (Sheikh Kalu vs Ram Saran). Exceptions An agreement in restraint of trade is valid in the following cases (i) Sale of goodwill. The seller of the ‘goodwill’ of a business can be restrained from carrying on a similar business, within specified local limits, so long as the buyer, or any person deriving title to the goodwill from him, carries on a like business therein, provided the restraint is reasonable in point of time and space (Exception to Sec. 27). manufacturers e. g. , not to sell their goods below a certain price, to pool profits or output and to divide the same in an agreed proportion, does not amount to a restart of trade and IS perfectly valid (Fraser Co. v Bombay Ice Company5). Similarly, an agreement amongst the traders of a, particular locality with the object of keeping the trade in their own hands is not void merely because it hurts a rival in trade (Bhola Nath vs Lachmi Narain). But if an agreement attempts to create a monopoly, it would be void (Kameshwar Singh vs Yasin Khan). Agreements tending to create monopolies are now also governed by the provisions of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, which forbids certain types of trade agreements. (iv) Negative stipulations in service agreements. An agreement of service by which a person binds himself during the term of the agreement, not to take service with anyone else, is not in restraint of lawful profession and is valid. Thus a chartered accountant employed in a company may be debarred from private practice or from serving elsewhere during the con-tinuance of service (Maganlal vs Ambica Mills Ltd. 8) But an agreement of service which seeks to restrict the freedom of occupation for some period, after the termination of service, is void. Thus, where S, who was an employ-ee of Brahmputra Tea Co. Assam, agreed not to employ himself or to† change himself in any similar business within 40 miles from Assam, for a period of five years from the date of the termination of his service, it was held that the agreement is in restraint of lawful profession and hence void (Brahamputra Tea Co. vs Scarth). 3. Agreements in Restraint of Legal Proceedings Section 28, as amended by the Indian Contract (Amendment) Act, 1996, declares the following three kinds of agreements void: (a) An agreement by which a party is restricted absolutely nom taking usual legal proceedings, in respect of any rights arising Item a contract. An agreement which limits the time within which one may enforce his contract rights, without regard to the time allowed by the Limitation Act. (c) An agreement ‘which provides for forfeiture of any rights arising from a contract, if suit is not brought within a specified period, without regard to the time allowed by the Limitation Act. Restriction on Legal proceedings. As stated above Section 28 renders every agreement in restraint of legal proceedings void. This is in furtherance of what we studied under the definition of a ‘contract’, namely, agreement plus ‘enforceability at law is a contract. Thus if an agreement inter-alia provides that no party shall ‘-go to a court of law, in case of breach, there is no contract and the agreement is void ab-initio. In this connection the following points must also be borne in mind: (a) The Section applies only to rights arising from a contract. It does not apply to cases1o of civil or criminal wrongs or torts. LEGAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS Illustrations (a) A after selling the goodwill of his business to B promises not to carry on similar business â€Å"anywhere in the world. As the restraint is unreasonable the agreement is void. (b) C a seller of imitation jewellery in London sells his business to D and promises that for a period of two years he would not deal: (a) in imitation jewellery in England, (b) in real jewellery in England, and (c) in real or imitation jewellery in certain foreign countries. The first promise alone was held lawful. The other two promises, namely (b) and (c), were held void as the restraint was unreasonable in point of space and the nature of business (Goldsoll vs Goldma). (ii) Partners’ agreements. An agreement in restraint of trade among the partners or between any partner and the buyer of firm’s goodwill is valid if the restraint comes within any of the following cases: (a) An agreement among the partners that a partner shall not carry on any business other than that of the firm while he is a partner . (b) An agreement by a partner with his other partners that. on retiring from the partnership he will not carry on any business similar to that of the firm within a specified period or within specified local limits, provided the restrictions imposed are reasonable [Section 36(2) of the Partnership Act}.

Pregnancy Essays - Roddy Doyle, The Snapper, The Van,

Pregnancy Snapper stands for a baby, child, kid, which is the main matter of the book. The story evolves around the pregnancy of the main character. But to snap means you change moods very easily, because of the hormonal changes during a pregnancy. Biography: Roddy Doyle was born in 1958 in Dublin and has grown up there, in Kilbarrack, to be precise. Kilbarrack is a suburb in the north of Dublin, close to the sea. He was a Geography and English teacher there and thus stayed in touch with all generations of his neighborhood. He loves that part of town and knows that inside the aggressive, foul mouthed, drunken "eejits" there is (more often than not) a heart of gold. At one point Doyle felt that the only way to express his true love and sympathy for the suffering people around them was to write about them. His first book The Commitments was made into a very succesful movie by Alan Parker and it helped to establish Roddy Doyle's reputation as a writer of best- sellers Bibliography: The Commitments (1987). The Snapper (1990) The Van (1991). Paddy Clake Ha Ha Ha (1993). The Woman Who Walked into Doors (1996). Genre: lt's a novel about a working-class family which has to deal with the pregnancy of the daughter. Motto: This book is delicate to Belinda Characters: Main Characters. -Sharon, a girl being pregnant and giving birth to a child of a married man from the neighborhood. -George Burgess, the father of Sharon's child. -Veronica, the mother of Sharon. -Jimmy sr, Sharon's father. Minor Characters -Jimmy jr, Sharon's brother who has decided to be a famous discjockey. -Tracy, Linda (= twins), Darren and Les, the rest of Sharon's brothers and sisters. -Yvonne, Jackie and Mary, these are the best friends of Sharon, with whom she spends quite a lot of their time (and money) in a pub, getting "pissed" (=drunk) -Paddy, Bertie and Bimbo, the pals of Jimmy sr. Ordering of time: The story is built up very simple, it is told chronologically. Setting: The setting, like most of Doyle's work, is a suburb exactly like the one he lives in himself. He calls it Barrytown, and it is a working class-suburb with tiny houses, lots of children in the streets, unemployment and heavy drinking (barry means happy in Irish). Narration: The story is told by the omniscient point of view, so the reader gets an insight in what the characters are thinking and feeling, or when Sharon is feeling pain or sickness during her pregnancy, or when Jimmy sr. was mad at Sharon because she was pregnant and wouldn't tell him who the father was. Language: The English being used by the characters is mostly Irish dialect, which means that they pronounce "jezus" like "jayses", and they use lots of insulting words. You could say they speak slang. Theme: In Barrytown exists a great sense of togetherness both within the family and in the local community, but sometimes things happens which can cause a divide. Sharon getting pregnant of a married man and not telling who he was, is an example of such an event. The book could also be entitled as: "Nine months in the life of a family in a Dublin suburb". Plot/outline: The Rabibitte family lives in Barrytown, a north-Dublin suburb. One day, after dinner, Sharon Rabbitte tells her parents that she is pregnant. The father and Sharon are having a big row, because she refuses to tell who the father of the child is. Sharon goes to buy a book which describes the details of pregnancy. When she is in her 1 l th week signs start to show. The time has come to tell her friends, but she keeps postponing it, because she knew they would ask who the father is. Her friends are sympathetic and delighted for her. One night Bimbo, a pal of Jimmy sir, told him that he heard that George Burgess said that Sharon was a great little ride. Jimmy sr. was furious and wanted to crease him. When Jimmy sr. got home he warns Sharon for George. The next day Sharon goes to George and told him to stop or else she would tell his wife (they were both drunk and made a mistake). A few days later George has disappeared, because he has told his wife about Sharon. George his wife tells the community that Sharon has seduced her husband. Sharon decides to deny everything and makes up a story about a Spanish sailor for her

The Flowers by Alice Walker Essays

The Flowers by Alice Walker Essays The Flowers by Alice Walker Paper The Flowers by Alice Walker Paper Essay Topic: Literature Growing up happens. It is almost inevitable to go through life and still look at the world through childish eyes. Our planet is composed of microscopic cells and atoms that are always in movement and in constant change. We, as humans, are also susceptible to this flow of energy. So we must mature and leave our ignorance behind. In Alice Walkers The Flowers, the author uses Myop, a ten year old African American girl, to illustrate this shift from childhood into adulthood. Myop begins her journey into maturity by something as simple as exploring the woods behind her house. She was a worry-free little girl, who was just enjoying a beautiful day of summer by picking up some flowers. This day becomes different from all the other times Myop and her mother had gathered nuts when she decides to make her own path (Walker, 4). To the reader, this is a clear sign that she is by her herself and is starting to make her own decisions, which is the first step to growing up. Standing up for oneself and following our own ideals are not necessarily rebellious actions, however. Myop does not try to prove a statement or disobey rules, but she does what seems right to her, which is creating a new path. Even though Myop had often been as far away from home before (Walker, 5), she had never been to this particular place. Naturally, her adventure into this new land stands for Myops first contact with adulthood and her transition from innocence into truth. She dislikes it and even attempts to return to the peacefulness of the morning (Walker, 6), but its a bit too late. Myop is not able to go back to the lost beautiful day, but is instead stopped by something unexpected. Changes and opportunities to develop our understanding levels do not present themselves with some sort of announcement. Consequently, Myops life changes when her heel becomes stuck in a broken ridge (Walker, 6). The action of Myop reaching down and liberating her foot can be representative of her dealing with the circumstance (in this case adulthood) and facing the consequences. The author also uses strong imagery to demonstrate why what looks as something as simple as stepping on something eventually changes Myops outlook on life. The most important piece of information is given when Myop realizes that the dead body she had stepped on, this African American male, had not died of natural causes, but had been hung from a tree instead. She discovers the noose and the other piece of rope hanging from the oak because she is first attracted to whats familiar and beautiful: the pink rose. As she tries to pick it up to add it to her collection, her eyes are opened and her innocence flees in an instant. She understands what had truly happened and the severity of the occasion. It no longer feels right to her to go around skipping and picking up flowers. She [lays] down her flowers (Walker, 8), symbolizing the loss of purity and fairy-tale reality. She lays down everything she knew and she finally acknowledges truth. Life is mysterious and the most decisive events happen very unexpectedly. It does not wait for perfect timing and it does not discriminate because of age or gender. We are constantly thrown into unknown directions and forced to react. The day that Myop took that walk through the forest her mind was opened to a new reality that had been foreign to her. She was obligated to lose her sweet ignorance, and the things that seemed fulfilling before lost their beauty.

On the Natural Order of Opulence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On the Natural Order of Opulence - Assignment Example the occurrence exploitation in that system along with mentioning the oust and superseding of that system with bartering system that commeasures the whole society along with establishment of robust enforced system (Smith). The article further asserted upon the accent of megalopolis for being a platform for accession of surplus as well as economy. By keeping emphasize on metropolis and metropolitans alms for the city. Ultimately, the writer makes a contrast between those citizenry in which dearth of equity is observed along with the termination of provision of privileges to their skilful and laborers with those societies where egalitarianism is followed along with justified privileges to the artificers. He further laid stress on the comparison of development of affluence along with thriving of both countries which reveals a healthy difference along with superimposing of egalitarianism based country (Smith). Although a little partiality is observed as well the accent of the found to be was city dwellers and artificers with a little tint of sarcasm in the tone but the deliverance of the argument was well written. Regarding the feudalism I have gone through one article before titled â€Å"Feudalism in Europe during the Middle Ages† by Michael Totten that supports the argument followed in this article. However, I have never been through any article opposing this argument. Conclusively, this article is a scaffold to comprehend the facts and figures regarding the natural order of opulence that will flourish a country towards

The Electoral Landscape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Electoral Landscape - Essay Example While it is nothing new for voters to want for a change in political leadership, the 2008 presidential election represented an important change in American politics. Barack Obama broke a major racial barrier for African-Americans by becoming the first black American president. Race is likely to be a much less important issue in the future than it has been in the past because Obama has proven that race is no longer an absolute barrier to electability. Obama was able to overcome racial prejudice and the disadvantages of being a little known senator by taking advantage of the growing influence of the Internet and social media. The 2008 election was the first presidential election in which communication through the Internet played a major role (NPR). Lastly, between 2004 and 2008 the economy became the dominant election issue over issues of national security and terrorism. While the Republican Party is generally seen as stronger on economic issues, the economic collapse in 2008 was blame d on the economic policies of Bush by a wide margin (Hagerty 1), and the War on Terror fell out of favor. Works Cited Hagerty, Barbara. â€Å"Exit polls link Obama victory to economic fears.† 4 Nov. 2008.

Economic Impact of the Indonesian Mineral Law

Economic Impact of the Indonesian Mineral Law Abstract Raw mineral ores is one of excellence natural product in Indonesia. For many years, the mineral mining company in Indonesia can export raw mineral ores directly over the world. A new mining law mandates the mining company to process the ores domestically then export its product. The government purpose is to increase value added of the mineral ores and creates domestic industry activity. The problem arises since there are only few smelters which ready to process the mineral ores. In short run, this new law has a negative impact to mineral export activity and GDP growth become slower. 1 Introduction Indonesia is one of rich countries with abundant mineral resource. Bauxite, copper, gold, nickel and tin are Indonesia’s excellence mineral resource export product. This mineral ores are spread over in Indonesia region, mostly in Kalimantan Island, Papua Island, Sumatra Island and Sulawesi Island. The latest report of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mentions the estimation of bauxite reserves in Indonesia is 1,000,000 metric ton, ranked Indonesia in 6th of biggest bauxite reserves in the world. Meanwhile the reserve of Indonesia’s copper is 28,000 metric ton, the 8th largest in the world. Gold reserve is 3,000 metric ton, placed in 5th largest reserves in the world. Other Indonesia resources, nickel and tin are estimated 3,900,000 and 800,000 metric ton reserved beneath the earth. Indonesia’s nickel is 6th largest deposit and tin reserve ranked this country at 2nd position in the world (USGS, 2014). Figure 1.Production per year its reserves (bauxite, nickel, tin) (source: USGS, 2014) Figure 2.Production per year its reserves (copper, gold) (source: USGS, 2014) These generous resources are being used by Indonesian government to add national income by export the mineral ores to foreign country. Since 1967, Indonesian government attracts foreign company to invest in mining sector. To regulate the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in mining sector, the government had been issued several mining law which has revised over the time. Since then, the mining sector is become favorite among foreign investor (Bhasin Venkataramany, 2007). These mining activities contribute to Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Together with oil gas and quarrying, mining sector accounted with 7% in real GDP at 2012 (at constant prices). Even though this sector does not contribute more in contrary with another natural resource e.g.: agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishery with 12% contribution in GDP, mineral sector still contribute USD 61.3 billion in Indonesia’s total GDP of USD 875.72 billion Figure 3. Indonesia GDP 2012 at constant prices (source: Central Bureau of Statistics) 2 Indonesia New Mining Law After spending almost four years discussion in the House of Representatives, on 16th December of 2008 the parliament members agreed a new mining law, replacing old mining law which had been applied almost 40 years. This new mining law officially signed by the president on January 2009 and the law is known as Law No.4/2009 Concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (Syahrir, Bongaerts, Drebenstedt, 2013). The government’s purpose to implement this new mining law is not only regulates the contract term for foreign investor company and obligate them to have a mining license, but also better environment and increasing added value of mineral resources (Syahrir et al., 2013). In order to protect the environment area which affected by mining operation, the new mining law also regulate the mining company to keep the environment and ensure them to fulfill the minimum requirement of environmental standard operational based on their level of license. Beside the environment purpose, the new law also regulates the company to undertake domestic processing. The Law no.4/ 2009, Chapter XIII, article 102 and 103 stated: Article 102 The holders of Mining Business License (IUP) and Special Mining Business License (IUPK) shall increase the added value of mineral and/or coal resources in carrying out mining, processing and purification activities as well as in making use mineral and coal. Article 103 The holders of Mining Business License (IUP) and Special Mining Business License (IUPK) for operational production shall process and purify output of the domestic mining. The holders of IUP and IUPK as referred to in paragraph (1) can process and purify the mining output from others holders of IUP and IUPK. Further provisions on the need to increase the added value as referred to in Article 102 as well as on the processing and purification as referred to in paragraph (2) are to be provided for in government regulation. Furthermore, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource (MoEMR) also issued a regulation no.34/2009 in order to control production and export of mining product. This is reflected from article 5 MoEMR no.34/2009 which stated: The Mining Company as cited in Article 3 paragraph (1) shall be allowed to export the mineral or coal as long as it is capable of fulfilling a Minimal Percentage of Mineral Sale or Minimal Percentage of Coal Sale. This policy issued as government want to ensure the supply for increasing domestic demand. With this Ministry Regulation, the company may export their production, but is encouraged to fulfill domestic demand which calculated by Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2012). Despite this new mining law was signed on five years ago in 2009; the effect will be enforced on 12 January 2014. Therefore, after 12 January 2014 the mining company cannot export mineral unprocessed. This situation is totally different when in the old mining rules regime[1], the mining company still allowed to shipping the mineral ores directly to their buyer; industrial countries, such as: China, Japan, EU countries and United States. At that time the mineral ores are exported and then processed by the buyer in order to add the value of ores product. Later, Indonesia’s industry sector will import the metal product to supply their production (Syahrir et al., 2013). For example: Indonesia shipyard industries have to import steel from China where the China’s steel plant produced steel from Indonesia’s iron ores. Based on this situation, the idea of adding value to mineral resource in Indonesia came to surface. And later the President of Indonesia Republic signed it as the new mining law. This law and regulation will close the mining company’s curtain to export the mineral resources directly to the buyer unless the mineral is processed domestically. 3 The Lack Preparation of Mineral Refinery Sector After the new law has been signed on December 2009, the mineral resources have to be processed or extracted in domestic smelter or extractor. In the other hand there are only three available mining refinery in Indonesia by 2012: PT Aneka Tambang, PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium and PT Smelting (Hogan Lovells, 2012). After another regulation MoEMR reg. no.7/2012 come into force to mandate the mining companies to increasing the value through mineral processing, some mining company are intended to invest smelter in Indonesia which are: PT Vale Indonesia, PT Freeport Indonesia, PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara, PT Weda Bay Nickel, PT Jogja Magasa Iron and PT Agincourt Resources. Those mining companies should build mining refinery in order to comply the law even though they are facing uncertainty condition to build a smelter caused by unrealistic deadlines and unclear concept of Contract of Work (CoW) (McBeth, 2014). Indonesia’s inconsistence policy and high risk investment made the companies considering build a smelter are decreasing (Jensen Burton, 2014). This unprepared mineral refinery industry to anticipate the new mining law is being unhealthy to Indonesian mining sector as their ore cannot be shipped. Fortunately, the government already received several refinery plant proposals coming from domestic investor and foreign investor. However only three are expected to start the project this year with takes at least 5 years to complete (Jensen Burton, 2014). 4 The Effect of Mineral Law As mentioned above, there is some increasing amount of mineral ores in mining companies’ stock pile as it cannot be shipped over the world. After the new mining law has been applied, the export activity especially in mining sector is decrease which can be shown by following figure: Figure 4.Export of Mineral Ores (source: Ministry of Trade) The figures describing the export of mineral ores; especially: tin, copper, nickel and aluminum. After the new law has been signed, the mining companies start to boost the production in order to add extra revenue before they could not export the ores unprocessed. When the MoEMR no.7/2012 released to mandate them to increasing mineral value added, they start to slow down the production as they cannot export directly to their buyer. Table 1.GDP growth quarterly at constant price (source: Central Bureau of Statistics) This condition also affecting Indonesia’s GDP growth as the mineral trade also contribute to Indonesia GDP as shown in previous table. From nine sectors of GDP contributor, only mining and quarry sector which decrease consecutively in 1st quarter and 2nd quarter of 2014. Throughout the first quarter of this year, the value-added mining and quarrying decreased about 0.38% when compared with last year in the same quarter. If calculated based on constant 2000 prices, the value added produced by the sector in the first quarter of 2014 was only Rp 48.2 trillion. The figure is lower than the first quarter of 2013 amounted to Rp 48.4 trillion and fourth quarter 2013 amounted to Rp 50 trillion (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2014). However, in the trade, export of coal only US $ 5.63 billion, down 13.29% compared to the first quarter of 2013 amounted to US $ 6.49 billion. In fact, coal became the biggest contributor to non-oil exports. So that the growth of exports to the first quarter of 2014 GDP is minus 0.78% (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2014) 5 Conclusion In the short run, the result of new mining law is negative to mining trade activity and to national income growth. In the long run after the smelter built, the mining sector will increase again and the domestic industry also growth since the mineral ores should be processed domestically. As the result, in the long term this law will lead greater national income growth. Literature References: Bhasin, B., Venkataramany, S. (2007). Mining Law and Policy: Replacing the â€Å" Contract of Work † System in Indonesia Mining Law and Policy: Replacing the â€Å" Contract of Work † System in Indonesia, 1–16. Central Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Triwulan II-2014, (63). Gandataruna, K., Haymon, K. (2011). A Dream Denied? Mining Legislation and The Constitution in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 47(2), 221–231. doi:10.1080/00074918.2011.585951 Hogan Lovells. (2012). Investment in Indonesia ’ s Mineral Refining and Processing Sector: Value-added Regulations and Industrial Policy, (July). Jensen, F., Burton, M. (2014). As smelters weigh cost, Indonesia’s ore export ban may backfire. Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/27/indonesia-minerals-smelters-idUSL3N0KY20P20140127 McBeth, J. (2014). How to kill an industry in Indonesia. Retrieved December 11, 2014, from http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/SEA-01-100214.html PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2012). Mining in Indonesia Investment and Taxation Guide, 4th Editio(April). Syahrir, R., Bongaerts, J. C., Drebenstedt, C. (2013). The Future of Indonesian Mining Activities after the Implementation of Law Number 4 of 2009 Concerning Mineral and Coal Mining ( The New Mining Law ). IMRE Journal, 7(4). USGS. (2014). Mineral Commodity Summaries 2014. [1] The mining predecessor law no.11/1967 used over than 40 years in Indonesia mining industry. At that time, the mining company which most of them is foreign investor act as contractor under government and tied with Contract of Work (CoW) agreement (Gandataruna Haymon, 2011)

Kraft Food Essay

Kraft food is in more than 170 countries around the world, were Hansen’s is located in Corona California. Kraft foods and Hansen’s both have face book and tweeter page. The Kraft website has more users friendly you can go on there and click on the different products and on some of the products they offer coupons and pretty detail description of the product. There is so much on the Kraft website that it can be over whelming because there are so many options on the page. Hansen’s website is nice and pleasant to the eye it feels more homely. It makes you feel like you are not looking at a huge company website. Kraft has so many products that there are a lot of generic products out their trying to replicate Kraft’s product. Also with Kraft’s known overseas they have to deal with the competition their also because there are so many food companies out there. Kraft is able to keep up with their competition by doing more research that will appeal to their customers. For instance the latest thing is recycling so Kraft has developed new ways to package their products and using recycled products and making sure when they make this packaging they do not have any waste. These appeals to a lot of people because of the think green motto. Kraft also keeps coming up with new products so can stay ahead of their competitors. Hansen’s products are more originally with the organic sodas and energy drinks so there are not too many generic products that compare to their product. They also are doing something that is very popular, their products are free of preservatives and no artificial flavors which what a lot people are looking at because of all the other chemicals in food people are looking for things that are organic. I think that both of these companies are on good paths thru survival thru globalization because they now their places in the market.

Controversial Topics to Write a High School Essay about Features

Controversial Topics to Write a High School Essay about Features Comments on social media have to be secured by a totally free speech. Schools ought to start teaching multiculturalism. Controversial essay is just one of the most anticipated types of a term paper for each college student. If you're in a college and wish to compose an argumentative essay, you should pick a subject of high importance. The essay is an assignment that all these students have to compose many times in a wide variety of classes above their lifetimes. PTC of students isn't a good idea. College is for a high amount of study. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on unique views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Top Choices of Controversial Topics to Write a High School Essay about Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. Marijuana should acquire legal. Debate the problem, but don't preach to the readers. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. There are lots of theories about how to compose such texts and you'll be able to say that all of them have something which is going to be the reality. Rich folks should pay far more taxes than a layman. It's possible to also write about a typical problem that lots of individuals are speaking about nowadays and bring your fresh ideas to the discussion. Write about the very first time once you felt pressured to adhere to a specific gender role. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. On the flip side, bear in mind your essay can be offensive to someone. It is possible to provoke your audience to take part in a specific action that is essential to deal with the issue or issue discussed in your essay. Employ an expert essay writer to receive your paper written from scratch. Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. It requires you to decide on a topic and take a position on it. Another good idea is to receive some completely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a thriving debatable paper looks. Actually, plenty of argumentative essays are in reality persuasive papers. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential matter to do is to select a topic and an argument that you could really get behind. Take a look at how to develop an essay topic! Finally the essay work has to be edited and can be shown. If you're thinking about how to compose a persuasive essay, you must know that writing an essay is a complicated course of action. To discover argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you will need to comprehend about the argumentative essay. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. Controversial Topics to Write a High School Essay about - Overview The very first thing you ought to learn about a persuasive essay is the simple fact which you are ready to pick your own sort of structure. Your topic choice may differ based on particular intent. There's a widespread problem you have to fulfill a deadline, but you need zero idea what things to write about. The absolute most important element to think about when planning your controversial speech is choosing a fantastic topic that suits your personality. Controversial Topics to Write a High School Essay about The introduction part has to be catchy. Do not become scared by them, since it only is apparently difficult, while in practice you will find a really effortless job, where you just have to consider the topic that you are likely to choose from the variety of different persuasive essay topics. It is crucial to select a great topic to be able to compose a fantastic paper. After you are aware that you need to locate unique persuasive essay topics to be able to compose the very best text possible, it's the opportunity to consider how to study the structure of such texts. It is a good idea to steer clear of argument essay topics on moral issues because they don't support logical discussion. To get the absolute most from the education essay topics, explore the many resources about the problem you're writing about. Based on your audience, you can decide to research different aspects of your preferred controversial topics. There are lots of aspects about a sport which can be argued in an essay.

Relationship Between Parental Involvement And Student...

Introduction/Purpose Flores, Gentling, Rosenberg Steinhaus (2015) believe that parental involvement is a key component of academic success for children. Parental involvement can be described as parents â€Å"helping with homework, structuring children’s time at home for schoolwork, communicating with teachers and volunteering at school â€Å"(p. 36). In addition, the lack of parental involvement may lead to difficultly in school for some children (Flores et al., 2015). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between parental involvement and student academic achievement for children in special education (Flores et al., 2015). Method This study took place during the 2012-2013 school year. The participants were 82 seventh and eighth grade students at Santiago Charter Middle school enrolled in special education and their parents and teachers. Flores et al. (2015) received permission from the school’s Institutional Research Board (IRB) to include the school’s name in the publication of this study. The students were assigned to either the Special Day Classes; which is when they stay in one class the entire day with other special educations students, or the Resources Room; which is where students spend half of their day in special education and the other half in the general education classes. The students were placed in the classes based on the information on their Individualized Education Plan (IEP). In the Special Day Class there were 24 males and nine females, andShow MoreRelatedParental Involvement And Academic Performance1686 Words   |  7 Pagesnoticeable and omnipresent achievement gap in our educational system between students of all levels. Research studies have suggested that educational achievement has remained unbalanced for a variety of reasons, one of which is the lack of parental involvement in their children’s academic performance (Larocque, Kleiman Darling, 2011). Parental involvement refers to the amount of participation a parent has when it comes to schooling and her child s life. Parental involvement can take on many formsRead MoreEducational Attainment And Parental Support1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthe academic achievement of primary school children, there is no rural urban difference in academic achievement of primary school children. The findings of the study points out that, Socio-economic status is positively and significantly co related with academic achievement at the primary stage of education, Higher SES category students show significantly better academic achievements in comparison to meddler low SES category students. 2.5. STUDIES RELATED TO EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AND PARENTAL SUPPORT:Read MoreResearch Project On Parental Involvement1159 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Parental involvement is the combination of commitment on the part of the parent to their child and to their school. This literature review outlines the steps that I will be taking to conduct my research project on the importance of parental and family involvement in kids’ education. I have always had interest in the social aspect of a student’s learning and how their environment affects their motivation for learning. I find it to be very important to be aware of these contributors andRead More Parental Involvement in Education and its Effects on Student Academic Performance1159 Words   |  5 PagesParental Involvement in Education and its Effects on Student Academic Performance Educational standards have recently become a controversial issue especially in secondary schools. One of the controversial issues surrounding educational standards is the lack of parental involvement. Various forms of parental involvement range from parental encouragement to parental partnership with the school. By examining parental involvement in secondary education, one can determine that positive parentalRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Involvement On Students909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Parental Involvement Parental involvement is essential to academic achievement of students and correlates to student success (Emeagwali, 2009). Research demonstrates that parental attitudes and behaviors are in turn influenced by involvement with schools (Epstein, 1991; Epstein et al., 2009; Henderson Berla, 1994; Swap, 1993). When parents’ positive attitudes are transmitted to children they serve to shape children’s school achievement (Comer, 1986; Herman Yeh, 1983). FurthermoreRead MoreChildren s Academic Achievement, And The Mediation Role Of Self Regulated Learning850 Words   |  4 PagesThe present study aimed to investigate parental involvement as a possible mechanism linking children s academic achievement, and the mediation role of self-regulated learning. In line with earlier findings, the results of this study showed parental involvement is positively linked to children s academic achievement. More important, self-regulated learning fully mediated the relation between parental involvement and children’s academic achievement. To be more specific, the motivation orientationRead More Parental Involvement Benefits Elementary School Childrens Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesParental Involvement Benefits Elementary School Childrens Parental involvement has many positive effects on both child and parent. Some of the benefits of parental involvement for children are a significantly increased cognitive development, an improvement in the child’s motivation, a stronger parent-child relationship and, of course, increased academic achievement. Some of the benefits parental involvement has on parents are gaining a more positive attitude about themselves andRead MoreParental Involvement And Sexual Involvement915 Words   |  4 Pagesshowing the importance of parental involvement in every aspect and in every socioeconomic class. Yvonne peril constructs research one program for involvement but first wanted to come up with a cookie cutter definition of what parental involvement was. Through research she realized that this task was very difficult. 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